IT developments in Indonesia

Growth of information technology can improve performance and enable various activity can be executed swiftly , precisely and accurate , so that finally will improve

productivity .
Growth of information technology shows the popping out of various types of activity being based on this technology , like e-government , e - commerce , e-education , e -medicine , e - laboratory , and other , the which is all the Things have electronics -based

quintessence
The development of information technology to improve performance and enable a wide range of activities can be implemented quickly , precisely and accurately , so that ultimately will improve productivity . Development of information technology demonstrates the emergence of various types of activities based on this technology , such as e -government , e - commerce , e-education , e -medicine , ee - laboratory , and others , all of which were based electronics .

preliminary
Information Technology is a technology used for processing data , including processing, obtain , compile , store , manipulate data in different ways to produce quality information , ie information that is relevant , accurate and timely , which is used for personal , business , and administration and is a strategic information for decision making . This technology uses a computer to process the data , the network system to connect one computer to another computer as needed, and telecommunications technology is used so that data can be distributed and accessed globally .
The role that can be provided by the application of this technology is to obtain information for personal life such as information about health , hobbies , recreation , and spiritual . Then for professions such as science , technology , commerce , business news , and professional associations . Means of cooperation between individuals or groups with one person or a group of others without knowing the distance and time limits , countries , races , economic classes , ideologies or other factors that may inhibit exchange ideas .
Development of Information Technology spur a new way of life , of life begins to come to an end , this life is known as e-life , meaning of life has been influenced by a variety of electronic needs . And now it was lively with various letters that begin with the prefix e
such as e - commerce , e-government , e-education , e - library , e -journals , e -medicine , e - laboratory, e - biodiversitiy , and still others are based electronics .

Evolution of the Global Economy
Up to two hundred years ago the world economy is agrarian in which one of its main characteristics is the ground is the most dominant factor of production . After the industrial revolution , the invention of the steam engine , the global economy has evolved toward an industrial economy with capital as its main characteristic is the most important factor of production . By the turn of the century now inl , humans tend to occupy a central place in the production process , due to the economic stage we are moving into is based on knowledge ( knowledge based) and focuses on the information ( information focused ) . In this case the role of telecommunications and information technology as a key technology ( technology enablers ) .
Advances in information technology and telecommunications so rapidly , allowing the implementation of new ways for more efficient production , distribution and consumption of goods and services . It is this process that brings people into the Society or Information Economy . The new society is also often referred to as post-industrial society .
Whatever you call it , in the information age , physical distance or geographical distance is no longer a factor in human relations or inter- agency effort , so that the universe becomes a hamlet universe or " Global village ‿ . So often we hear the term " distance is dead " or " distance is dead " increasingly real truth .

Role of Information Technology
In our lives in the future , information technology and telecommunications sector is the most dominant sector . Anyone who mastered this technology , then he will become a leader in the world. Information technology plays a role in many areas , among others :
Education ( e-education ) .
Globalization has triggered a shift in education from a conventional to-face education towards a more open education ( Mukhopadhyay M. , 1995) . As an example we look at the French project " Flexible Learning ‿ . It is reminiscent of Ivan Illich forecast early 70s on " Education without school ( Deschooling Socieiy ) " which is extreme teacher is no longer needed .
Bishop G. ( 1989) predicted that the future of education will be supple (flexible ) , open , and accessible to anyone that needs regardless of the type of factors , age , and previous educational experience .

Mason R. (1994 ) argue that the future of education will be determined by the information network that allows interaction and collaboration , rather than a school building . However , technology will continue to widen the gap between rich and poor in .
Tony Bates (1995 ) states that technology can improve the quality and range when used wisely for education and training , and has great significance for the economic well-being .
Alisjahbana I. (1966 ) suggested that the approach to education and training will be " At that moment ( Just on Time ) ‿ . New teaching techniques will be two-way , collaborative , and inter - disciplinary .
Romiszowski & Mason (1996 ) predicts the use of " Computer - based Multimedia Communication ( CMC ) ‿ which are synchronous and asynchronous .
Of the forecast and the views of scholars can be concluded that with the influence of globalization , the future of education will be open and two -way , diverse , multidisciplinary, and productivity related to work " on the spot ‿ and competitive .
Trend of education in Indonesia in the future are :
- Development of open education by distance learning mode ( Distance Learning ) . Ease to organize open and distance education should be included as a main strategy .
- Resource sharing between agencies with education / training in a network
- Libraries and other educational instruments ( teachers , laboratories ) changed into resources rather than a bookcase .
- The use of interactive information technology devices , such as CD - ROMs Multimedia , in education gradually replace TV and Video .
With the development of information technology in education , so when it is already possible to place a distance learning using the internet to connect between students and lecturers , see the value of online students , financial checks , see class schedules , send the task assigned faculty and so on , all of it had to do.
A major factor in distance learning, which is considered a problem is the lack of interaction between faculty and students . However, with the internet it is possible to make the interaction between faculty and students in the form of real time ( real time ) or not . In the form of real time can be done for example in a chatroom , direct interaction with real audio or real video , and online meetings . Its not real time can be done by mailing lists , discussion groups , newsgroups , and bulletin board . With the above interaction of faculty and students in the class may be replaced , although not 100 % . Material forms , exams , quizzes and other educational means can also be implemented into the web , like the material in the form of lecturers made ​​presentations on the web and can be downloaded by the students . Similarly, the exams and quizzes created by faculty can also be done in the same way . Completion administration can also be solved directly in the course of the registration process , especially in support with the online payment method .
A web -based distance education , among others, should have the following elements : ( 1 ) the student activity center ; as a web -based distance learning community should be able to make this facility as a place for student activities , which can increase the ability of students , reading the course material , looking for information and so on . ( 2 ) The interaction within the group ; Students can interact with each other to discuss the materials given faculty . Lecturers can be present in this group to give a review of the material provided . ( 3 ) student administration system ; whereby students can view information about the status of students , student achievement , and so on . ( 4 ) Deepening material and exams ; Usually professors often hold a short quiz and assignments aimed at deepening of what has been taught and do a test at the end of the study period . It should also be anticipated by the web -based distance learning ( 5 ) Digital Library ; On this section , there are a variety of literature information , are not limited to books but also in digital libraries such as sound , images and so on . This section is to support and shape the database . ( 6 ) The material outside the course material online ; To support the lectures , reading materials are also needed from other web . Therefore in this section , faculty and students can be directly involved to provide other materials for publication to other students via the web .
Embody the ideas and desires of the above in the form of reality is not an easy task but if we look to other countries that have long been developing a web -based distance learning , have a lot of institutions or agencies that utilize this method . Not only the skills possessed by engineers who needed but also a wide range of discretion in the field of education greatly influence its development . When viewed from the readiness of the supporting hardware for example , it seems that this is not in doubt . Only one who has always been a main concern of Internet users in Indonesia , namely the problem of bandwidth , of course, with the limited bandwidth reduces comfort , especially in non- text based materials . Abroad, particularly in developed countries , distance education has been a fairly popular alternative education . This educational method followed by students , employees , executives , housewives and even elderly people ( pensioners ) . A few years ago the exchange of material done by correspondence , or equipped with audio and video material . Currently, almost all distance learning programs in America , Australia and Europe can also be accessed via the internet . Studies conducted by the United States , strongly supports the development of e -learning , computer based learning state that is very effective , allowing 30 % better education , 40 % less time and 30 % lower cost . The World Bank ( World Bank ) in 1997 has announced the Global Distance Learning Network ( GDLN ), which has as many as 80 partner countries in the world . Through GDLN is the World Bank to provide e - learning to students 5 times more ( from 30 to 150 students ) at a cost 31 % cheaper .
In the global era , offers scholarships appeared on the internet . For most students in the world , the tuition fee for obtaining the best education is generally still considered expensive . Sadly , if there are students who are good in its class can not go to school simply because it can not afford the tuition. Information is key to successful scholarship can me no such potentially long student .

In the Government Sector ( e -government ) .
E - government refers to the use of information technology by the government , such as the use of the intranet and the Internet , which has the ability to connect the purposes of residents, businesses , and other activities . It could be a business transaction process between the public and the government through automation and networking systems , more commonly known as the world wide web . At the core of e - government is the use of information technology to improve the relationship between government and other parties . the use of information technology is then produce new forms such relationships : G2C ( Governmet to Citizen ) , G2B ( Government to Business ) and G2G ( Government to Government ) .
Benefits of e -government that can be felt , among others : ( 1 ) service better service to the community . Information can be provided 24 hours a day , 7 days a week , without having to wait for the opening of the office . Information can be sought from the office , home , without having to physically come to the administration office . ( 2 ) Improvement of the relationship between government, business and the general public . Openness ( transparency ) it is expected that the relationship between the various parties for the better . This openness eliminates mutual suspicion and resentment from all sides . ( 3 ) Community empowerment through information that is easily obtained . With sufficient information , the public will learn to be able to make their choice . For example , data about the school : the number of classes , student capacity , the passing grade , and so on , can be displayed online and are used by parents to choose the right school for their children . ( 4 ) The implementation of a more efficient government . For example , government coordination can be done via e - mail or even video conferencing . For Indonesia, the area is very large , it is very helpful . Question and answer , coordination , discussions between local leaders can do without all must be at the same physical location . No longer any need to fly to Jakarta for a meeting that only lasts one or two hours.
Public demand for good governance is very urgent to be implemented by the government apparatus . One solution that is needed is integration of government administration system through a network of on-line information systems among agencies both central and local government to access all data and information , especially related to public service . In the government sector , changes in the strategic environment and technological advancements encourage government officials to anticipate the new paradigm with efforts to improve the performance of the bureaucracy and improving services towards the realization of good governance ( good govermance ) . The important thing to be observed is the government sector is a driving force and facilitator in the success of development activities , therefore the success of the development should be supported by current velocity data and information between agencies to enable the integration between the systems with the use of other governments . Efforts to accelerate the implementation of e -Government , still have problem because currently not all menyelenggarakannya area . Moreover, there is still a perception of e -Government simply create a web site only socialization is not performing optimally . However, based Instruction , construction of an integrated government information system will be realized until the year 2005. However the most important thing is to remove the wrong opinion that the implementation of e -Government considers this as a project , but is a system that will integrate subsystems spread across regions and departments .

Finance and Banking
Currently, many economic actors , especially in the big cities that no longer use cash in payment transactions , but have made use of modern banking services .
Modern banking services that exist only in the big cities is understandable because of the current economic growth is still concentrated in large cities alone , which causes the velocity of money is also concentrated in the big cities . So that the banking sector was rather slow in its expansion into the regions . This is somewhat due to the current state of infrastructure in addition to the geographical aspect of Indonesia's unique and extensive .
To support the successful operations of a financial institution / bank as a bank , it is definitely needed reliable information system that can be easily accessed by customers , which in turn will depend on the technology of information online , for example , a customer can withdraw cash wherever he is as long as No ATM of the bank , or a customer can check balances and transfer money to another account in a matter of minutes, all transactions can be done .
Telematics technology and infrastructure development in Indonesia will greatly assist the development of industries in the financial sector , such as expanding the scope of business by opening branches in the region , as well as the exchange of information among insurance companies , brokerage , banking , and other financial institutions .
Banking and financial institutions have been strongly influenced by the development in information technology products , even they can not operate again without the information technology . This sector requires the development of products in the information technology to deliver their services to their customers .
Information systems development programs in Indonesia
Developing of information systems programs ( programs 16/06/01 ) intended to develop the information systems needed to improve the inclusion of information science and technology that occurred in the international community , facilitate the exchange and dissemination of information science and technology , as well as improving system planning , management , monitoring activities and the advancement of science and technology .
The amount of the cost of government to conduct studies , research , application of mastery in the field of information technology during the period of fiscal year 1997/1998 to 2001 is shown in Table below .
The table below shows the state budget ( pure dollars ) for information system development program , fiscal year 1997/1998 to 2001

Table . Budget for the development of information systems in 1997/1998 to 2001

No. Fiscal Year Budget ( millions of dollars )
1 1997/1998 28 235
2 1998/1999 32 622
3 1999/2000 24 538
4 2000 52 236
5 2001 30 956

cover
The development of information technology is strongly influenced by the ability of Indonesian human resources in understanding the information technology components , such as hardware and computer software ; system in the form of a LAN network or WAN and telecommunication systems that will be used to transfer data . The need for energy-based information technology continues to increase : this can be seen by the many types of jobs that require skills in the field of information technology in various fields and also the number of capable human resources in the field of information technology is still small , when compared with the total population of Indonesia .
Needed a national information technology framework that will bring people of Indonesia is ready to face the AFTA 2003 can provide universal access to information to the public in a fair and equitable , improve coordination and optimal utilization of information , improving efficiency and productivity , improve the quality and quantity of human resources , improve the utilization of information technology infrastructure , including the implementation of legislation that supports it ; encourage economic growth in the use and development of information technology .
Finally , the era of the Asean free trade actually apply that we are familiar with the ASEAN Free Trade Area ( AFTA ) came into effect in the year of 2003. This is one fact that real globalization of the world economy . Economic integration of the national economy with regional / global such as AFTA , APEC , WTO / GATT can not be avoided . Like it or not , willing or unwilling , true integration of the world economy had to be faced .
book

Natakusumah , EK , " Development of Information Technology in Indonesia . " , Informatics Research Centre - LIPI Bandung , 2002
- Natakusumah , EK , " Development of Information Technology for Distance Learning . " , Scientific Oration delivered at the Graduation STMIK BANDUNG , January 2002 .
- California Distance Learning Project - working to increase of access to basic adult learning services by improving distance learning infrastructure . http://www.cdiponline.org/
- http://www.bexi.co.id
- http://www.gksoft.com/govt/en/id.html
- The concept of Nusantara - 21 , http://n21.net.id
- Richardus Eko Indrajit , " The Evolution of Information Technology Development " , Renaissance Research Centre
- Prayoto , " Questioning the Quality of Human Resources Indonesia " , Faculty of Engineering UNIKOM 2002 Bandung
- The World Bank Group , the E -government definition ; http://www1 . worldbank.org / publicsektor / EGOV / definition.html .
- Indonesian Telematics Coordinating Team . " The National Information Technology Framework " , Jakarta , February 2001 .